Several materials are available for deck design
Once the base has been prepared, installation of the base course of materials, which is an integral stage of the project, can begin. There are numerous materials, new and old, which provide countless opportunities for the design and construction of decks and patios. Grades and drainage, however, are still pertinent during this stage and must be maintained throughout construction, as small variations can become larger problems down the road. Take the time and required effort to make sure base courses and drainage are in the proper location. Drainage pipes and deck/patio slopes should also be installed in accordance with local regulations.
Whether using poured-in-place concrete, segmental pavers or natural stone, a gap should be left in between the wall of the house and the patio to promote air circulation. Materials and drainage should also be kept away from the foundation of the house to prevent damage to the foundation walls through seasonal expansion and contraction of the patio/deck structure.
Poured-in-place concrete
Concrete is one of the most commonly used manmade materials in the world and with its endless applications, it is also one of the most versatile. In some cases, chemical additives can be used to give the concrete different properties such as extended workability or increased freeze/thaw durability.
When building decks and patios, concrete is also often reinforced with fibre or steel to help bolster its structural integrity. Adding pigments can also change its esthetic appeal, while different techniques can be used to finish the concrete that allow for individual and unique design ideas. Essentially, the concrete’s colour, density and strength can be adjusted to meet the specific requirements of each project.
Segmental pavers, slabs and retaining walls
These building materials offer countless options for deck and patio construction. Manufactured to have high strength, segmental pavers, slabs and retaining walls are more versatile than poured-in-place concrete. They also provide more colour, texture and design options than most other building materials. Use manufacturer displays and samples to ensure customer expectations are realized regarding colours and textures.
Walls can be used in structural, architectural and decorative applications—from support walls to pillars, while seating walls can be incorporated into any design. The use of multiple paver, slab and wall combinations, hybrid landscapes, can also be used to create unique, personalized outdoor spaces. Builders should consider mixing and matching colours, sizes and textures to create a personalized design.
Natural stone
In terms of building materials, natural stone is a timeless option. Colour, size, shape and textures are endless and are guaranteed not to be duplicated. Apart from its enhanced esthetic value, natural stone is generally more expensive than other options. Further, some natural stone may require machinery for installation purposes, and although it is more difficult to cut than concrete, it can still be shaped using a standard table or gas-powered saw with a blade specifically designed to cut natural stone.
When working with natural stone, all necessary cuts should be made using the appropriate tools. For example, square-cut natural stone should be cut with a saw to give it a clean, finished edge. This may be harder to accomplish using a hammer and chisel. Pavers and walls, however, can be cut or split using chisels and guillotines.
Finally, big boulders and large cubicle rock can be used in any decorative and most structural applications. To avoid moving them multiple times, however, consider site access and how they will be incorporated into the project beforehand.
