Myth 2: Pruning is a minor tree maintenance task
Simply put, pruning is the practice of cutting or removing branches or parts of trees, to improve their shape or growth. It is, in fact, the most important tree maintenance procedure one can perform. Trees are pruned to remove dead, damaged or diseased branches and crowded or rubbing limbs; eliminate hazards; and increase light and air penetration, improving the tree’s health and appearance.
Though it may not seem like glamorous work, pruning has a significant impact on tree health. Pruning should not be done indiscriminately, but rather with a purpose in mind—specifically, to produce a strong, healthy, attractive tree. By understanding how, when and why to prune—and sticking to a few simple principles—this goal can be easily achieved. Consider the following tips when tackling tree pruning:
- When cutting off a branch, always leave the branch collar intact. If you prune away the collar, you remove not only branch wood, but also trunk wood, opening the plant to more extensive decay.
- Pruning branches flush to the tree’s trunk is another common mistake. Flush cutting is harmful in several ways, primarily because it removes the branch collar and produces an open wound. Keep in mind, however, that cutting too far from the branch collar will leave a stub.
- Do not rush the pruning process. Work slowly and think carefully about cuts and their impact on the tree. Sometimes, a second opinion can be valuable.
- While dead branches can be removed at any time, most trees and shrubs can only be pruned at certain times of year. This is usually when the plants are dormant, typically in late fall or winter. The best pruning time will also vary according to tree type.
- When dealing with deciduous trees, pruning after the leaves have fallen off will give you a better idea of how it will affect the tree’s shape. Some fruiting and flowering trees should be pruned at other times of the year, depending on whether they flower on the current or previous year’s growth.
- Use proper tools, like a good pair of secateurs or pruning shears, or saws with curved blades.
Trees need pruning for a variety of reasons, including the following:
Safety
This often involves removing branches that could fall and cause personal injury or property damage, or trimming branches that interfere with sightlines along streets or driveways.
Tree health
This entails the removal of diseased or insect-infested wood, thinning the crown to increase airflow and removing crossing and rubbing branches. Pruning can best be used to encourage trees to develop a strong structure and reduce the likelihood of damage during severe weather. Removing broken or damaged limbs also encourages wound closure.
A general rule when pruning any tree is to remember the ‘three Ds’: dead, diseased and dying. These types of wood should be removed first, followed by crossing or rubbing branches. It is never advisable to remove more than one third of a tree’s branches.
Esthetics
Pruning for esthetics involves enhancing the tree’s natural form and character or stimulating flower production. For trees that flower in the spring, a general rule of thumb is to prune shortly after they are finished blooming. For those that flower in the summer, prune in late winter or early spring.
